Fever

What Is fever?

Fever, also known as pyrexia, is a common medical symptom characterized by an elevated body temperature. It is typically a sign that the body is responding to an underlying illness or infection. Fever is not a disease itself but rather a natural response of the body’s immune system to combat infections and other medical conditions. Here’s some information about fever:

Causes of Fever

  • Infections: The most common cause of fever is infections, such as viral or bacterial illnesses like the flu, common cold, urinary tract infections, or pneumonia.
  • Inflammatory Conditions: Autoimmune diseases and inflammatory disorders can also lead to fever, such as rheumatoid arthritis or inflammatory bowel disease.
  • Heat-Related: Excessive exposure to high temperatures, known as heatstroke, can cause fever.
  • Medications: Some medications may cause drug-induced fever as a side effect.

Symptoms Associated with Fever

Elevated body temperature above the normal range, which is typically around 98.6°F (37°C).

  • Chills or shivering.
  • Sweating.
  • Headache.
  • Muscle aches and fatigue.
  • Loss of appetite.
  • Increased heart rate and breathing.

Treatment of Fever

  • Rest: Getting plenty of rest helps the body recover more efficiently.
  • Hydration: Drinking fluids, especially water, helps prevent dehydration.  
  • Fever-Reducing Medications: Over-the-counter medications like acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Advil) can help lower fever and alleviate discomfort. Always follow dosing instructions.
  • Underlying Condition Treatment: Treating the underlying cause of the fever, such as antibiotics for a bacterial infection or antiviral medication for a viral infection.

When to Seek Medical Attention

  • If the fever persists for more than a few days.
  • If the fever is very high (above 104°F or 40°C).
  • If the individual experiences severe symptoms like difficulty breathing, chest pain, confusion, or seizures.
  • For infants under 3 months old with a fever above 100.4°F (38°C).

Prevention of Fever

  • Practicing good hygiene, including regular handwashing, can reduce the risk of infectious diseases.
  • Vaccination can prevent many illnesses that can cause fever.
  • Avoiding extreme temperature exposure and staying hydrated during hot weather can help prevent heat-related fever.